Tonicity:
Tonicity is
measure of the osmotic pressure of two solutions separated by a semi permeable
membrane.
Isotonic solutions:
Two solutions
are said to be iso-osmotic or isotonic if they exert the same osmotic pressure
when separated by a semi permeable membrane.
Example: 0.9 %
solutions of NaCl is said to be isotonic solutions.
Hypotonic solutions:
Solutions with
osmotic pressure lower than that of the body fluids or of 0.9% NaCl solution
are called hypotonic solution.
Hypertonic solutions:
Those solutions
having a higher osmotic pressure than the body fluids or of 0.9% NaCl solutions
are called hypertonic solution.
Interface:
The boundary
between two phases is generally described as an interface.
Surface:
When one of the
phases is a gas or a vapor and the other a liquid or solid, the outer space of
the phases which is contacted or exposed with the outer space of other phases
is called surface of that phase.
Absorption:
Absorption is
the incorporation of a substance in one state into another of a different
state.
Adsorption:
Adsorption is
the adhesion of atoms, ions, biomolecules or molecules of gas, liquid, or
dissolved solid particles to a surface.
Surface tension
is a property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external
force.
Solubilization:
The process by
which water insoluble or partly soluble substances are brought into aqueous
solution by incorporation into micelles is termed as solubilization.
Polymorphism:
Polymorphism is
the ability of a compound(or element) to crystallize as more than one distinct
crystalline species with different internal lattices.
or
Polymorphism (or
crystal polymorphism) is a phenomenon related to the solid state; it is the
ability of a compound in the solid state to exist in different crystalline forms
having the same chemical composition. Substances that exist in a non-crystalline
solid state are said to be amorphous.